H

Ha Chi-shing, Joseph

 

 

(Foto: UCANEWS)

Born 04.03.1959 Hong Kong, member of O.F.M. 27.08.1988, priest 09.09.1990, nominated Tit.-Bishop of Simittu and Aux.-Bishop of Hong Kong 11.07.2014, consecrated 30.08.2014 in Hong Kong, consecrator Cardinal Tong Hon [1]

 

Haberstroh, Hieronymus

 

(Foto: Archive Perraud)

 

Born 26.09.1893 Mariazell (Rottenburg)/Germany, member of S.V.D. 1906, priest 28.01.1923, nominated Apostolic Prefect of Sining 12.11.1937, died 13.08.1969 [2]

 

Hamer, Ferdinand Hubertus

 

(Foto: Archive Perraud)

 

Born 21.08.1840 Nijmwegen, member of C.I.C.M. 1864, priest 10.08.1864, nominated Tit.-Bishop of Tremithus and Apostolic Vicar of Kansu 21.06.1878, consecrated 27.10.1878 in Siwantze, consecrator Mons. Bax, nominated Apostolic Vicar of Mongolia Occiduo-Meridionale 30.08.1888, died 15.07.1900 (assassinated) T’ouo-tcheng/Tokoto [3]

 

Han Daoyi, Stanislaus

 

Born 1920 Qingfeng county (Puyang), priest 1947, Bishop of Kaifeng, consecrated 07.11.1993 in Peking, consecrator Bishop Joseph Zhong Huai-de, retired 2000, died 27.10.2000 [4]

 

Han Dingxian, Johannes

 

(Foto: www.asianews.it)

 

Born 17.05.1937 or 1939, priest 21.11.1986, Bishop of Yongnian, consecrated 14.11.1989, consecrator Bishop Peter Liu Guandong, died 09.09.2007 Shijiazhuang (in prison) [5]

 

Han Jide, Nicholas

 

(Foto: sent by Bishop to Dr. Kierein)

 

Born 04.06.1940, member of O.F.M.Cap., priest 03.04.1985, Coadjutor of Pingliang, consecrated 19.09.1996 in Quingyang, consecrator Bishop Philip Ma Qi, Bishop of Pingliang 16.04.1999 or 05.09.1999 [6]

 

Han Jingtao, Andreas

 

(Foto: AsiaNews)

 

Born 26.07.1921 Shanwanzi, Weichang County, priest 14.12.1947, spent 27 years (1953-1980) in a forced labour camp, including 6 years in isolation in a bunker, nominated Coadjutor Bishop of Sipin 1982, consecrated 06.05.1982, consecrator Wang Milu, Bishop of Siping 1986, after 1997 he was under constant police surveillance, died 31.12.2020  [7]

 

Han Tingbi (Ting-pi), Francis

 

(Foto: Archive Kierein)

 

Born 22.02.1908 or 1909, priest 22.07.1934, nominated Apost. Pro-Prefect of Hungtung 1949, nominated Bishop of Hungtung 18.04.1950, consecrated 09.07.1950 in Shanghai, consecrator Mons. Riberi [8], died 21.12.1991 [9]

 

Han Xi-rang, Paul

 

Born 01.08.1918 Han/Tsinan, member of O.F.M., priest 11.04.1949, in prison 1958 – 1979, Bishop of Qingdao, consecrated 24.04.1988 in Tsinan, consecrator Bishop Joseph Zhong Huai-de, died 06.03.1992 [10]

 

 

Han Yingjin, Joseph

 

(Foto: UCANEWS)

 

Born 1958 Sanyuan, priest 08.11.1992, Bishop of Sanyuan 00.00.2007, Pope Benedict XVI. gave his approval in 2008, consecrated 24.06.2010 in Sanyuan, consecrator Joseph Tsong Huaide [11]

 

Han Zhihai, Joseph

 

(Foto: UCANEWS)

 

Born 02.02.1966, priest 16.01.1994, Archbishop of Lanzhou [12], consecrated 05.01.2003, consecrator Paul Xie Tingzhe, officially installed 10.11.2017 [12a]

 

Hao Jinli (Hao Zhenli), Andreas

 

 

(Foto: sent by Bishop to Dr. Kierein)

 

Born 30.11.1916, priest 11.4.1943, Coadjutor or Aux.-Bishop of Xiwanzi, consecrated 14.09.1984, consecrator either Zhang Kexing or Michael Xiao Liren, Bishop of Xiwanzi 1988, died 09.03.2011 Gonghui village [13]

 

Hao Nai

 

Born (unknown date), priest, February 1948 Vicar General of Taiyuan, Administrator of Taiyuan 1951-55 [14]

 

Haouissée, Auguste Alphonse Pierre

 

(Foto: Archive Perraud)

 

Born 01.10.1877 Evran (St. Brieuc), member of S.J. 1896, priest 10.06.1910, nominated Tit.-Bishop of Cercina and Coadjutor of Nanking 02.07.1928, consecrated 03.10.1928 in Shanghai, consecrator Mons. Lécroart, nominated Apostolic Vicar of Nanking 13.05.1931, nominated Apostolic Vicar of Shanghai 13.12.1933, nominated Bishop of Shanghai 11.04.1946, died 10.09.1948 Shanghai [15]

 

Häring, Edgar Anton

 

(Foto: Archive Perraud)

 

Born 11.05.1894 Frittlingen (Rottenburg), member of O.F.M. 1913, priest 19.09.1920, nominated Apostolic Prefect of Shochow 15.07.1927, nominated Tit.-Bishop of Anthedon and Apostolic Vicar of Shohchow 25.04.1933, consecrated 27.08.1933 in Taiyuan, consecrator Mons. Fiorentini, nominated Bishop of Shohchow 11.04.1946, died 25.07.1971 Ingoldstadt [16]

 

He Chunming, Stephan

 

(Foto: Lazzarotto, La Cina di Mao, Processa la chiesa.
Il missionari del Pime nel Henan 1938-54. 2008)

 

Born 1895, priest, Bishop of Kaifeng, consecrated 21.01.1962 in Peking, consecrator Ignatius Pi Shu-shi, died 12.11.1986 [17]

 

He Dezong, Louis

Born 1915 Lunan/Kunming, priest 1942, nominated Apost. Administrator of Kunming 1950, 1966-79 in labor camps, resigned ?, died 30.06.2000 [17a]

 

He Jinmin, Michael

 

 (Foto: sent by Bishop Hu Xiande to Dr. Kierein)

 

Born 19.07.1917 or 05.09.1917, priest 03.12.1944, nominated Apostolic Administrator of Ningbo 1950, 1958–1977 in prison, Bishop of Ningbo 2000, consecrated 14.05.2000 in Ningbo, consecrator Joseph Ma Xuesheng, died 04.05.2004 Ningbo [18]

 

He Zeqing, Paul

 

 

(Foto: with the courtesy of Mr. Holger Röhren/Paderborn)

 

Born 17.03.1968, priest 1993, Aux.-Bishop of Wanxian, consecrated 18.10.2005 in Wanxian, consecrator Joseph Xu Zhixuan, Bishop of Wanxian 08.12.2008 [19]

 

Henninghaus, Augustin

 

(Foto: Archive Perraud)

 

Born 11.09.1862 Menden (Paderborn), member of S.V.D. 11.10.1879, priest 30. 05.1885, nominated Tit.-Bishop of Hypaepa and Apostolic Vicar of Scian-Ton Meridionale 13.08.1904, consecrated 30.10.1904 in Yenchowfu, consecrator Mons. Schang, emeritus 23.06.1935, died 20.or 21.07.1939 Yenchowfu [20]

 


Heoujing Wen, see Hou Jingwen

 


Herkenrath, Damaszen

 

Born 26.10.1877 Geistingen, Germany, member of O.F.M. 1898, priest, nominated Apostolic Pro-Vicar of Tsinan 1927, emeritus 1929, died 15.11.1930 Geistingen [21]

 

Herrero Garrote, Gerardo Faustino

 

(Foto: Archive Perraud)

 

Born 29.08.1885 Jambrina (Zamora), Spain, member of O.E.S.A 1901, priest 09.08.1910 , nominated Tit.-Bishop of Zorulus and Apostolic Vicar of Changteh 11.12.1939, consecrated 26.05.1940 in Taoyuan, consecrator Mons. O’ Gara, nominated Bishop of Changteh 11.04.1946, died 23.04.1965 Valladolid [22]

 

 

Herrijgers, Jan

 

(Foto: Archive Perraud)

 

Born 11.10.1901 Sprundel /Niederlande, member of C.M. 1920, priest 18.07.1926, nominated Apostolic Administrator of Yungping 04.06.1948, emeritus 1983, died 24.08.1989 Lotung/Taiwan [23]

 


Hi Minhuan, see Xi Minhuan

 

Hieng Teh-hen, see Xiong De-lian

 


Hintringer, Isidor Hermengild

 

(Foto: Archive Perraud)

 

Born 05.05.1905 Losenstein,Tirol, member of O.F.M.Cap. 1920, priest 29.07.1928, nominated Apostolic Prefect of Kiamusze 18.04.1940, expelled 1953, emeritus 1983, died 1990 Hoch-Rum (Innsbruck) [24]

 


Hiong Te Lien, see Xiong De-lian

 

Hofman, Johannes

 

(Foto: Archive Perraud)

 

Born 12.06.1834 Woerden (Haarlem), member of O.F.M. 04.10.1855, priest 29.08.1858, nominated Tit.-Bishop of Telmissus and Apostolic Vicar of Scian-Si Meridionale 12.04.1891, consecrated 08.09.1891 in Hankow, consecrator Mons. Christiaens, emeritus June 1901, died 26.10.1917 Wychen/Netherlands [25]

 

Hoogers, Gerard-Joseph

 

(Foto: Archive Perraud)

 

Born 12.12.1867 Horst (Liege), member of C.I.C.M. 1890, priest 31.12.1894, nominated Superior I-li 1918, emeritus 1922 (?); nominated Apostolic Prefect of Tatungfu 03.03.1923, emeritus 28.09.1931, died 21.07.1945 Peking [26]

 

Hoowaarts, Franz

 

(Foto: Archive Perraud)

 

Born 19.07.1878 Bottrop (Münster), member of S.V.D. 1893, priest 14.02.1905, nominated Tit.-Bishop of Ucres and Apostolic Vicar of Tsaochow 12.11.1934, consecrated 24.02.1935 in Yenchow, consecrator Mons. Henninghaus, nominated Bishop of Tsaochow 11.04.1946, died 24.03.1954 Steyl [27]

 

Hospital, Juvecio Joan

 

(Foto: Archive Perraud)

 

Born 04.02.1870 Villaeles (Palencia), member of O.E.S.A 19.09.1886, priest 15.04.1894, nominated Tit.-Bishop of Caunus and Apostolic Vicar of Hunan Settentrionale 18.09.1911, consecrated 04.02.1912 in Manila, consecrator Mons. Harty [28], emeritus 00.03.1917, died 04.10.1957 [29]

 

Hou (Hu), Gaspar

 

(Foto: Archive Perraud)

 

Born 17.02.1876 Che-Eul-Litchoang (Tsinanfu), priest 20.04.1902, nominated Apostolic Prefect of Lintsing 30.03.1931, emeritus 00.10.1940, died 09.08.1945 [30]

 

 

Hou, John Baptist

 

Born 23.06.1881 Houkiahoei (Ichang), priest 1910, nominated Tit.-Bishop of Abbir maggiore and Apostolic Vicar of Shihnan 13.02.1940, emeritus (without consecration) 10.11.1942, died (unknown date) [31]

 

 

Hou Guoyang (Guoyong), Joseph

 

Born 1922, priest 1951, Bishop in Chungking, consecrated 08.10.1989 in Paoting, consecrator Peter Fan Xueyan, possibly the consecration was not valid [32]

 

Hou Jin-de, Joseph

 

Born 1918 or 20.01.1920, priest 1945, Bishop of Shunde, consecrated 28.10.1989 in Weixian, consecrator Bishop Chen Bolu, died 20.05.1994 [33]

 

 

Hou Jingwen (Heoujing Wen), Peter

 

(Foto: sent by Bishop to Dr. Kierein)

 

Born 1926 Sienhsien, priest 28.10.1956, Coadjutor of Cangzhou, consecrated 18.03.1993 in Sienhsien, consecrator John Liu Dinghan, Bishop of Cangzhou 1998, died 23.10.1999 (car accident) [34]

 

Hoz, Thomas de la

 

 

(Foto: Archive Perraud)

 

Born 21.12.1876 Velilla de Guardo (Leon), member of O.P. 1895, priest 26.07.1903, nominated Apostolic Prefect of Formosa 01.08.1921, emeritus 00.01.1941, died 06.01.1949 Hongkong [35]

 


Hsi Minhuan, see Xi Minhuan

 

 


Hsu Chen-ping (Xu Chengbin), Francis

 

(Foto: Archive Perraud)

 

Born 20.12.1920 Shanghai, priest 14.03.1959, nominated Tit.-Bishop of Horrea and Aux.-Bishop of Hongkong 12.06.1967, consecrated 07.10.1967 in Hongkong, consecrator Mons. Bianchi, nominated Apostolic Administrator of Hongkong 19.12.1968, nominated Bishop of Hongkong 29.05.1969, died 23.05.1973 Hongkong [36]

 

 

Hsu Ying-Fa (Xu Yingfa), Leonard

 

(Foto: Archive Kierein)

 

Born 11.02.1923 Tung Ashi-Pa-shenchung (Tsinan), member of O.F.M., priest 29.03.1952, nominated Tit.-Bishop of Abtugni and Aux.-Bishop of  Taipeh 06.10.1990, consecrated 30.11.1990 in Taipeh, consecrator Mons. Ti-Kang, retired 11.05.2001, died 02.03.2003 [37]

 


Hu, Gaspar, see Hou

 

Hu Daguo, Augustinus

 

(Foto: asianews)

 

Born 28.08.1922 Tongzhou (Guizhou), priest 29.06.1951, Bishop of Guiyang, consecrated 1987, consecrator Peter Fan Xueyan, died 17.02.2011 Guiyang [38]

 


Hu Jo(o)-shan, see Hu Ruoshan

 


Hu Qin-ming

 

Born (unknown date), priest, Bishop of Nancheng, consecrated 09.10.1958 in Nanchang, consecrator John Wang Qi-wei, died 1966-76 [39]

 

Hu Ruoshan (Hu Joo-shan, Hu Jo-shan), Joseph

 

(Foto: Archive Perraud)

 

Born 22.02.1881 Chusan (Ningpo), member of C.M. 1906, priest 05.06.1909, nominated Tit.-Bishop of Theodosiopoli and Apostolic Vicar of Taichow 30.07.1926, consecrated 28.10.1926 in Rome,  consecrator Pope Pius XI. [40], nominated Bishop of Taichow 11.04.1946, died 28.08.1962 Hangzhou (in prison) [41]

 

 

Hu Xiande, Matthew

 

(Foto: UCANEWS)

 

Born 27.08.1934, studied between 1950 and 1958 at the seminaries at Ningbo and Shanghai, 1958-65 subjected to forced labor, priest 21.11.1985, Coadjutor of Ningbo, consecrated 14.05.2000 in Ningbo, consecrator Joseph Ma Xuesheng, Bishop of Ningbo 2004, recognized by the Holy See and the Chinese government, died 25.09.2017 Ningbo [42]

 

Huang Bingzhang, Joseph

 

(Foto: UCANEWS)

 

Born January 1967 Han (Province Guandong), priest 1991, Coadjutor of Shantou 11.05.2011, consecrated (without papal mandate) 14.07.2011 in Shantou, consecrator John Fang Xingyao, excommunicated by the Vatican, 22.09.2018 recognized by the Holy See, 22.01.2019 Bishop of Shantou [43]

 

Huang Chao-ming, Philip

 

(Foto: http://www.catholic.org.tw/en/bishophuang.html)

 

Born 23.08.1954 Fuli (Hwalien), priest 12.04.1983, nominated Tit.-Bishop of Lamfua and Aux.-Bishop of Kaohsiung 27.06.1998, consecrated 26.09.1998 in Kaohsiung, consecrator Cardinal Shan Kuo-hsi, nominated Bishop of Hwalien 19.11.2001 [44]

 

Huang Shoucheng, Vincent

 

(Foto: UCANEWS)

 

Born 23.07.1923 Kangcuo near Fu’ an/Mindong, priest 26.06.1949, Coadjutor of Mindong, consecrated 09.01.1985, consecrator Liu Shuhe, Bishop of Mindong 25.08.2005, died 30.07.2016 Mindong [45]

 

Huang Shu

 

Born (unknown date), priest, Bishop of Yukiang, consecrated 09.10.1958 in Nanchang, consecrator John Wang Qi-wei, died 1966-76 [46]

 

Huang Woze, Michael

 

 (Foto: sent by Bishop to Dr. Kierein)

 

Born 08.09.1905, priest 07.11.1938, Bishop of Nanchong, consecrated 30.07.1989 in Ping'anqiao, consecrator Mons. Matthias Duan Yinmin, died 22.03.2004 [47]

 


Huang Zichem, see Wang Zicheng

 


Huang Zi-yu, Joseph

 

(Foto: Archive Kierein)

 

Born 01.11.1911 or 1913 Yangwei, priest 1938, Bishop of Xiamen, consecrated 30.11.1986 in Peking, consecrator Joseph Zhong Huai-de, died 8.4.1991 Yangwei [48]

 

Huarte, Vincente

(Foto: Archive Perraud)

 

Born 09.04.1877 Leira (Pamplona), member of S.J. 1893, priest 30.07.1908, nominated Tit.-Bishop of Rhesa and Apostolic Vicar of Nganhoei 26.04.1922, consecrated 24.09.1922 in Wuhu, consecrator Mons. Paris, died 23.08.1935 Wuhu [49]

 

Hugentobler, Paul

 

(Foto:  http://www.bethlehem-mission.ch/)

 

Born 07.01.1893 Oberbüren (St. Gallen), Switzerland, priest 20.03.1920, member of S.M.B. 1923, nominated Apostolic Pro-Prefect of Tsitsikar 1933, nominated Apostolic Prefect of Tsitsikar 09.11.1934, arrested 1947 and expelled 1951, died 27.06.1972 Menznau [50]

 

Hung Shan-chuan, John

 

 

(Foto: http://www.catholic.org.tw/en/archbishophung.htm)

 

Born 20.11.43 Island Penghu (Kiayi), member of S.V.D. 1973, priest 23.06.1973, nominated Bishop of Kiayi 16.01.2006, consecrated 28.02.2006 in Kiayi, consecrator Cardinal Shan Kuo-hsi, nominated Archbishop of Taipeh 09.11.2007, Emeritus 23.05.2020 [51]

 

 

Huo Cheng, John

(Foto: sent by Bishop to Dr. Kierein)

 

Born 01.02.1926, priest 14.05.1954, 1966-1980 in labor camps, Bishop of Fenyang 09.03.1991, consecrated 04.09.1991 in Fenyang, consecrator Benedict Zhangxin, recognized by the Holy See in 1992, died 02.01.2023 [52]

 

[1] See Bulletin of the Vatican 11.07.2014, UCANews 01.09.2914

[2] See Perraud, Bibliotheca Missionum Vol.14 (1):353

[3] See Perraud, Eubel 8:563; Bibliotheca Missionum Vol.12:630;

[4] See PEM 151, 152, 155 and 161, Ticozzi 2014:145, Politi 2010:44, UCANews 19.11.1993

[5] See PEM 152, Radio Vatikan 11.09.2007, UCANews 11.09.2007; kathNet 05.01.2006, Lam 2005/I, Politi 2010:38

[6] See letter of Bishop to authors, PEM 157, 160; See UCANews 16.11.1999, Lam 2000/I:106,  Politi 2010:48; Cardinale 2017:196; Politi indicates, that there was a second consecration on 06.09.1999 by Li Duan or Ma Qi; according to Cardinale he became bishop of Pingliang on 05.09.1999 and was officially installed in 2000

[7] See Politi 2010:27, Lam 2005/I, Cardinale 2017:198, http://www.xiaozhushou.org/index.php, AsiaNews 31.12.2020, L'Osservatore Romano 22.02.2021

[8] Antonio Riberi (1897-1967), 1946-51 Apost. Nuncio to China, 1967 Cardinal

[9] See Perraud, Annuario Pontificio, Politi 2010:10

[10] See PEM 129, 147, 150, 181

[11] See UCANews 24.06.10, PEM 202

[12] According to the Vatican Lanzhou is an archdiocese. Bishop Han is recognized by the Chinese government as a priest and not as a bishop

[12a] See UCANews 04.09.2003, Lam 2000/I:99; UCANews 22.01.2004, Politi 2010:51, letter of Bishop to author, Cardinale 2017:196, UCANews 20.11.2017

[13] See Lam 2005/I. PEM 152, Politi 2010:30, UCANews 10.03.2011, Cardinale 2017:99

[14] See http://directory.ucanews.com/bishops/bishop-li/579, Leung 1993:28, Harrison 2013:240

[15] See Perraud, Bibliotheca Missionum Vol.13:606; according to Bibl.Miss. he died 08.09. or 09.09.1948

[16] See Perraud, Bibliotheca Missionum Vol.14 (1):185

[17] See PEM 132, 150, Politi 2010:20

[17a] See China heute XXXVII (2018), Nr. 4 (200):252, UCANews 12.7.2000,

[18] See letter Bishop Hu Xiande to authors; PEM 159, 160, 176, UCANews 30.6.2004, Politi 2010:50

[19] UCANews 18.10.2005, Guide to the Catholic Church in China 2008:259, Politi 2010:53, Cardinale 2017:190

[20] See Perraud,  Eubel 9:202; www.bautz.de; according to Perraud he was nominated Apost. Vicar 07.08.1904;

[21] See Perraud, Bibliotheca missionum 1959:685,  Antoniusbote XXXVIII [Werl 1931] p. 5/7

[22] See Perraud, Bibliotheca Missionum Vol.14 (1):9; according to Bibl.Miss. he was born 29.07.1885 and became priest in 1908

[23] See Perraud, Bibliotheca Missionum Vol.14 (2):95, www.honderdhoeven.nl/bidprentjesnieuw.xls; Annuario Pontificio;

[24] See Perraud, Bibliotheca Missionum Vol.14 (2):11,  Kirchenzeitung Diözese Linz 2002/32, http://www.tirol-online.com 17.1.07 ; Annuario Pontificio 1985

[25] See Perraud, Eubel 8:539; Bibliotheca Missionum Vol.13:98; according to Eubel he was nominated Apost. Vicar 24.04.1891 and was consecrated 06.09.1891

[26] See Perraud, Bibliotheca Missionum Vol.13:429; according to www.catholic-hierarchy.org he retired in 1922

[27] See Perraud, Bibliotheca Missionum Vol.13:661

[28] Jeremiah James Harty (1853-1927), 1903-16 Archbishop of Manila, since 1916 Archbishop-Bishop of Omaha

[29] See Perraud, Eubel 9:119; Bibliotheca Missionum Vol.13:506; Planchet 1917:184, according to Bibl.Miss. he was born in the Diocese of Leon;  according to Eubel he retired 21.12.1916        

[30] See Perraud, Bibliotheca Missionum Vol.14 (3):40; according to Bibl.Miss. he retired in 1939

[31] See Perraud

[32] See PEM 122, 181, Politi 2010:36, Cardinale 2017:190, https://www.douban.com/note/182193474/, according to douban.com he was married, when he was ordained a priest and consecrated a bishop. Bishop Fan informed The Holy See, who decided, that the consecration was not valid and prohibited him from acting as a bishop, but no more details available

[33] See PEM 118, 150, UCANews 11.10.1989, Politi 2010:38

[34] See PEM 151, 155, 157, 181; UCANews 21.5.1993; Lam 2005/I, letter of the bishop to authors,

       UCANews 20.05.1993, Politi 2010:42, according to Lam he was born in 1927

[35] See Perraud, Bibliotheca Missionum Vol.14 (1):103; according to Bibl.Miss. he died 24.10.1948

[36] See Perraud, Website of Diocese of Hongkong (http://archives.catholic.org.hk/In%20Memoriam/Clergy-Brother/F-Hsu.htm), Politi 2010:21

[37] See PEM 126, Politi 2010:40, Annuario Pontificio

[38] See UCANews 17.02.2011, PEM 181, 152  and 151, Politi 2010:34, letter of Bishop Hu Daguo to authors; Cardinale 2017:97; the Vatican listed him as Bishop of the Prefecture Shiqian (see Annuario Pontificio 2012:1147), according to Cardinale he was born on 15.05.1921

[39] See PEM 150, Wei Tsing-sing 1968:168, 280, 398; Politi 2010:14, Guide to the Catholic Church in China 2008:384; according to Politi and Guide to the Catholic Church in China he was Bishop of Nanchang, but this is incorrect

[40] Pius XI., Achille Ratti (1857-1939), since 1922 Pope

[41] See Perraud, Bibliotheca Missionum Vol.14 (2):96; China Heute XXV (2006), No. 4-5:185; Politi 2010:4; according to Bibl.Miss. he became a priest in 1905

[42] See  letter Bishop to authors; UCANews 30.6.2004; PEM 159 and 160, AsiaNews 25.09.2017; UCANews 26.09.2017

[43] See UCA News 12.05.2011, 14.07.2011, 25.10.2016, Cardinale 2017:192, www.chinacath.org/news/china/2011-07-24/12553.html, Vatican Bolletin 22.09.2018, Asianews 13.12.2018

[44] See PEM 153, Politi 2010:47; Annuario Pontificio

[45] See PEM 152, 182, Politi 2010:30, Asianews 30.07.2016

[46] See PEM 150, Wei Tsing-sing 1968:168, 280, 398

[47] See letter of Bishop to authors; PEM 118 and 134, UCANews 2.4.2004, http://www.30giorni.it/us/articolo.asp?id=3834

[48] See PEM 151, 202, Politi 2010:32

[49] See Perraud, Bibliotheca Missionum Vol.14 (1):525

[50] See Perraud, Missionshaus Bethlehem Archive, www.hls-dhs-dss.ch; Bibliotheca Missionum Vol.14 (1):64

[51] See PEM 184, Politi 2010:54, Annuario Pontificio, Bolletino Sala Stampa della Santa Sede 23.05.2020

[52] See letter of bishop´s secretary to authors; PEM 150, 152, UCANews 11.12.1995, Lam 2000/I:139, Politi 2010:41, Cardinale 2017:199, Website slmedia, asianews 2.1.2023,

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